$$p_{atm}(\lambda)=p_R(\lambda)\,p_s(\lambda)\,p_{\textrm{O}_3}(\lambda)\, p_{\textrm{H}_2\textrm{O}}(\lambda)\,p_{\textrm{O}_2}(\lambda)\,.$$ (1)

$$p_{atm}(\lambda,M(z))={p_R(\lambda)}^{M(z)} {p_s(\lambda)}^{M_s(z... ...rm{H}_2\textrm{O}}(\lambda)}^{m(z)} {p_{\textrm{O}_2}(\lambda)}^{\sqrt{M(z)}} .$$ (2)